Once placed on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones may be removed from the board if captured.
The objective of the game - as the translation of its name implies - is to have surrounded a larger total area of the board with one's stones than the opponent by the end of the game, although this result typically involves many more intricacies than simply using surrounding areas directly. By the time the game had spread to Korea and Japan in about the 5th and 7th centuries CE respectively, however, boards with a 19x19 grid had become standard. Beginners often play on smaller 9x9 and 13x13 boards, and archaeological evidence shows that game was played in earlier centuries on a board with a 17x17 grid. The two players alternately place black and white playing pieces, called "stones", on the vacant intersections ("points") of a board with a 19x19 grid of lines. There is significant strategy involved in the game, and the number of possible games is vast (10 761 compared, for example, to the estimated 10 120 possible in chess), despite its relatively simple rules. The earliest written reference to the game is generally recognized as the historical annal Zuo Zhuan (c. It was considered one of the four essential arts of a cultured Chinese scholar in antiquity. Go (traditional Chinese: 圍棋 simplified Chinese: 围棋 pinyin: wéiqí Japanese: 囲碁 rōmaji: igo Korean: 바둑 romaja: baduk literally: "encircling game") is a board game involving two players, that originated in ancient China more than 2,500 years ago. Game pieces, called stones, are played on the line intersections. Go is played on a grid of black lines (usually 19x19).
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